{"id":4832,"date":"2026-01-30T10:40:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T16:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/?p=4832"},"modified":"2026-01-30T12:50:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T18:50:17","slug":"devops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/devops-4832\/","title":{"rendered":"DevOps in Software Development"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260130-DevOps-Development-with-actions.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260130-DevOps-Development-with-actions.png 628w, https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260130-DevOps-Development-with-actions-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In simple terms, <strong>DevOps<\/strong> is a cultural and technical bridge that closes the gap between the people who write the code (<strong>Dev<\/strong>) and the people who keep the servers running (<strong>Ops<\/strong>). Instead of a &#8220;hand-off&#8221; where developers throw code over a wall to operators, DevOps creates a <strong>continuous loop<\/strong> of collaboration, automation, and feedback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#devops_lifecycle_anchor\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#devops_lifecycle_anchor\">The DevOps Lifecycle<\/a> (The Infinite Loop)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#planning_steps_anchor\">Planning steps<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cicd_pipeline_anchor\">CI\/CD Pipeline<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#waterfall_vs_devops_anchor\">Waterfall (Old Way) Vs DevOps<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#sprint_anchor\">Sprint<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#backlog_anchor\">Backlog<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#defintion_of_done_anchor\">Definition of Done (DOD)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"devops_lifecycle_anchor\">The DevOps Lifecycle (The Infinite Loop)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The procedure is often visualized as an infinity symbol because the process never truly ends; it constantly cycles through these phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Plan &amp; Code (Development Phase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Plan:<\/strong> Teams define the business requirements, user feedback, and security needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code:<\/strong> Developers write code and use <strong>Version Control Systems<\/strong> (like Git) to manage changes and collaborate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Build &amp; Test (Continuous Integration &#8211; CI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Build:<\/strong> As soon as code is pushed, an automated system compiles it into an executable artifact.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Test:<\/strong> Automated tests (unit, integration, and security) run immediately. If a bug is found, the developer is notified instantly so they can fix it while the context is still fresh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Release &amp; Deploy (Continuous Delivery\/Deployment &#8211; CD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Release:<\/strong> Once the build passes all tests, it\u2019s ready for production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deploy:<\/strong> The software is automatically (or with one-click approval) moved to the production environment. This is often done using <strong>Infrastructure as Code (IaC)<\/strong> to ensure the server environment is identical every time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Operate &amp; Monitor (Operations Phase)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Operate:<\/strong> The app is live. Scaling, patching, and security management happen here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitor:<\/strong> Systems collect data on performance, errors, and user behavior. This data is fed back into the <strong>Plan<\/strong> phase, starting the loop over again.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Core Pillars of the Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To make this loop work, DevOps relies on several &#8220;golden rules&#8221;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Pillar<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Automation<\/strong><\/td><td>If a task is repetitive (like testing or deploying), it should be scripted. This reduces human error.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Collaboration<\/strong><\/td><td>Developers and Ops share the same goals and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) instead of working in silos.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Microservices<\/strong><\/td><td>Breaking large apps into small, independent pieces so that a failure in one part doesn&#8217;t crash the whole system.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fail Fast<\/strong><\/td><td>It&#8217;s better to find a bug 5 minutes after coding it than 5 weeks later in front of a customer.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Shift Left&#8221; Mentality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A major part of the modern DevOps procedure is <strong>Shifting Left<\/strong>. This means moving security and testing to the <em>earliest<\/em> possible stage of development (the &#8220;left&#8221; side of the timeline) rather than leaving them for the end.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"planning_steps_anchor\">Planning Steps<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <strong>Plan<\/strong> stage of DevOps, the goal is to define <strong>what<\/strong> we are building and <strong>why<\/strong>, ensuring the team doesn&#8217;t waste time writing code that doesn&#8217;t provide value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is a highly collaborative phase involving Product Managers, Developers, and Operations. Here are the specific steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ideation and Requirements Gathering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything starts with a business need or a user problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> Stakeholders define the high-level features or fixes needed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Document:<\/strong> <strong>Product Requirement Document (PRD)<\/strong> or a set of <strong>Epics<\/strong> (large chunks of work).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DevOps Twist:<\/strong> We also plan for &#8220;Non-functional requirements&#8221; here, like &#8220;The site must handle 10,000 users at once&#8221; (Scalability).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Backlog Refinement (Grooming)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;Product Backlog&#8221; is a long list of everything we <em>could<\/em> do. Refinement makes it actionable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> Breaking &#8220;Epics&#8221; into small, bite-sized <strong>User Stories<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Goal:<\/strong> Ensure every task is &#8220;Ready&#8221;\u2014meaning it has clear acceptance criteria so a developer knows exactly when it&#8217;s &#8220;Done.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Prioritization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can&#8217;t do everything at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> The Product Owner ranks the backlog based on business value, risk, and urgency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technique:<\/strong> Many teams use <strong>MoSCoW<\/strong> (Must-have, Should-have, Could-have, Won&#8217;t-have) or simple numerical ranking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Estimation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The engineers look at the tasks and estimate the effort required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> Instead of hours, teams often use <strong>Story Points<\/strong> (based on complexity).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Goal:<\/strong> To understand the team&#8217;s &#8220;Capacity&#8221;\u2014how much work they can realistically finish in one sprint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Sprint Planning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the final &#8220;pre-game&#8221; huddle before coding starts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> The team commits to a specific set of stories for the next 1\u20134 weeks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Output:<\/strong> The <strong>Sprint Backlog<\/strong>. This is the &#8220;Contract&#8221; for the next cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Infrastructure &amp; Security Planning (Shift Left)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is what makes it <strong>DevOps<\/strong> rather than just &#8220;Agile.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Action:<\/strong> * <strong>Ops<\/strong> plans the environment (e.g., &#8220;We need a new S3 bucket for this feature&#8221;).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Security<\/strong> defines the &#8220;Guardrails&#8221; (e.g., &#8220;The API must use OAuth2&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Benefit:<\/strong> By planning the &#8220;Ops&#8221; side now, you avoid the &#8220;It worked on my machine but the server crashed&#8221; disaster later.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary of Planning Tools &amp; Artifacts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Element<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tool Example<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Resulting Document\/Artifact<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Strategy<\/strong><\/td><td>Confluence, Notion<\/td><td>Roadmap \/ Architecture Diagram<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Task Management<\/strong><\/td><td>Jira, Trello, Azure Boards<\/td><td>User Stories \/ Sprint Backlog<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Communication<\/strong><\/td><td>Slack, Microsoft Teams<\/td><td>Meeting Minutes \/ Decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Measurement<\/strong><\/td><td>Burn-down Charts<\/td><td>Predicted Velocity<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key takeaway:<\/strong> In DevOps, planning is <strong>not<\/strong> a one-time event (like Waterfall). It happens every few weeks so the team can adjust to feedback immediately.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cicd_pipeline_anchor\">CI\/CD Pipeline<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To understand a <strong>CI\/CD Pipeline<\/strong>, it helps to think of it as a <strong>factory assembly line<\/strong>. Each time you &#8220;push&#8221; code, the assembly line starts moving, checking every nut and bolt before the product reaches the customer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s walk through a specific example: A <strong>Node.js Web App<\/strong> being deployed to <strong>GitHub Pages<\/strong> (or a server) using <strong>GitHub Actions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Workflow Scenario<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine you are building a simple website. You want two things to happen automatically every time you update your code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CI (Continuous Integration):<\/strong> Verify the code isn&#8217;t broken (Run tests).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CD (Continuous Deployment):<\/strong> If tests pass, put the website online.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: The Trigger<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You finish your code and run the following command in your terminal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>git add .\ngit commit -m \"Add new login feature\"\ngit push origin main<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">git<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">git<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">commit<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">-m<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Add new login feature&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">git<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">push<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">origin<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">main<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This &#8220;Push&#8221; event tells GitHub, <em>&#8220;Hey, something changed! Start the pipeline.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: The Workflow File (<code>.github\/workflows\/main.yml<\/code>)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GitHub looks for a specific YAML file in your repository. This file is the <strong>instruction manual<\/strong> for the robot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>name: My Web App CI\/CD\n\non:\n  push:\n    branches: &#091; main &#093;  # Run this whenever code is pushed to 'main'\n\njobs:\n  build-and-test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # The robot wakes up in a fresh Linux environment\n    \n    steps:\n    - name: Checkout code\n      uses: actions\/checkout@v4  # The robot \"downloads\" your code\n      \n    - name: Install Node.js\n      uses: actions\/setup-node@v4\n      with:\n        node-version: '20'\n\n    - name: Install dependencies\n      run: npm install  # Robot installs your libraries\n\n    - name: Run Tests\n      run: npm test     # THE GATEKEEPER: If this fails, the pipeline stops here!\n\n  deploy:\n    needs: build-and-test # Only run this if the tests passed!\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest\n    steps:\n    - name: Deploy to Hosting\n      run: |\n        echo \"Deploying to production server...\"\n        # Commands to upload files to AWS, Firebase, or Vercel go here<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">My Web App CI\/CD<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">on<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">push<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">branches<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: &#091; <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> &#093;  <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Run this whenever code is pushed to &#39;main&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #22863A\">jobs<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">build-and-test<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">runs-on<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">ubuntu-latest<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># The robot wakes up in a fresh Linux environment<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">steps<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    - <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">Checkout code<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">uses<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">actions\/checkout@v4<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># The robot &quot;downloads&quot; your code<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    - <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">Install Node.js<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">uses<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">actions\/setup-node@v4<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">with<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">node-version<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;20&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    - <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">Install dependencies<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">run<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">npm install<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Robot installs your libraries<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    - <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">Run Tests<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">run<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">npm test<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># THE GATEKEEPER: If this fails, the pipeline stops here!<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">deploy<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">needs<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">build-and-test<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Only run this if the tests passed!<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">runs-on<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">ubuntu-latest<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">steps<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    - <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">Deploy to Hosting<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #22863A\">run<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">|<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">        echo &quot;Deploying to production server...&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">        # Commands to upload files to AWS, Firebase, or Vercel go here<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: The Execution (The &#8220;Magic&#8221; Part)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the file is detected, GitHub Actions provides a visual dashboard:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Spinning Up:<\/strong> A virtual machine (Runner) starts in the cloud.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lint &amp; Test:<\/strong> The robot runs <code>npm test<\/code>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>If it fails:<\/em> You get an <strong>Email\/Red X<\/strong>. The bad code never reaches your users.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>If it passes:<\/em> You get a <strong>Green Checkmark<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deployment:<\/strong> The robot takes the &#8220;Build&#8221; (the optimized version of your site) and pushes it to your web host (like AWS or Vercel).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why is this better than the &#8220;Old Way&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>The Old Way (Manual)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>The DevOps Way (CI\/CD)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8220;I forgot to run the tests.&#8221;<\/td><td><strong>Mandatory.<\/strong> Code can&#8217;t merge if tests fail.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Speed<\/strong><\/td><td>30 mins to manually upload files.<\/td><td><strong>Seconds.<\/strong> Happens in the background.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Consistency<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8220;It worked on my laptop!&#8221;<\/td><td>&#8220;It worked in the <strong>standard runner<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Recovery<\/strong><\/td><td>Stressful manual rollback.<\/td><td>Revert the Git commit; the pipeline redeploys.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary of the &#8220;Chain&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Code Push<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <strong>Trigger Action<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <strong>Provision Runner<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <strong>Install &amp; Build<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <strong>Test<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <strong>Deploy<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"waterfall_vs_devops_anchor\">Waterfall (Old Way) Vs DevOps<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many ways, <strong>yes<\/strong>. When DevOps practitioners talk about the &#8220;old way,&#8221; they are usually referring to the <strong>Waterfall model<\/strong> or its cousin, the <strong>Siloed model<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary difference lies in how they handle <strong>risk<\/strong> and <strong>speed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Waterfall vs. DevOps: The Fundamental Shift<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Waterfall Way (Sequential)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Waterfall, software development is a one-way street. You finish one giant phase before moving to the next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Problem:<\/strong> Testing and &#8220;Ops&#8221; (Deployment) happen at the very end. If a developer writes a bug in Month 1, but the &#8220;Verification&#8221; phase doesn&#8217;t happen until Month 6, it is incredibly expensive and difficult to fix.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Hand-off:<\/strong> Developers finish the code and &#8220;throw it over the wall&#8221; to the Operations team. If the code doesn&#8217;t work on the server, the Ops team blames the Devs, and the Devs blame the Ops environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The DevOps Way (Iterative &amp; Continuous)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DevOps breaks that giant &#8220;Waterfall&#8221; into hundreds of tiny &#8220;Waterfalls&#8221; that happen every single day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Continuous Feedback:<\/strong> Instead of waiting 6 months to see if the code works on a server, you find out in 6 minutes via your <strong>CI\/CD pipeline<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shared Responsibility:<\/strong> There is no &#8220;wall.&#8221; Developers and Operations work together from the <strong>Plan<\/strong> stage to ensure the code is &#8220;production-ready&#8221; from day one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Side-by-Side Comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Waterfall (Old Way)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DevOps (New Way)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Release Frequency<\/strong><\/td><td>Once every 6\u201312 months.<\/td><td>Multiple times per day\/week.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/td><td>A dedicated phase at the end.<\/td><td>Continuous and automated at every step.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Risk<\/strong><\/td><td>High (Big Bang release).<\/td><td>Low (Small, incremental changes).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Documentation<\/strong><\/td><td>Heavy, upfront requirements.<\/td><td>Living documentation and code-as-docs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Team Structure<\/strong><\/td><td>Siloed (Devs vs. QA vs. Ops).<\/td><td>Cross-functional (Everyone owns the app).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is Waterfall ever &#8220;right&#8221;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While DevOps is the standard for web apps (like WordPress, Facebook, or SaaS tools), Waterfall is still sometimes used in industries where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Change is impossible:<\/strong> Like building a physical bridge or hardware that cannot be updated via the internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strict Regulation:<\/strong> Where every single requirement must be signed off by a government agency before building starts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, for 99% of software, <strong>DevOps is the evolution<\/strong> that solved the &#8220;Waterfall bottleneck.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sprint_anchor\">Sprint<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3bcc292f wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the world of DevOps and Agile, a <strong>Sprint<\/strong> is a short, time-boxed period (usually <strong>1 to 4 weeks<\/strong>) during which a team works to complete a specific set of tasks from their backlog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of it as a <strong>mini-project<\/strong> with a clear start and finish line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Sprint Lifecycle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sprint Planning:<\/strong> The team picks the most important tasks from the &#8220;Product Backlog&#8221; and moves them into the &#8220;Sprint Backlog.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Work:<\/strong> Developers code, testers test, and the CI\/CD pipeline runs continuously.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daily Stand-up:<\/strong> A quick (15-min) meeting to discuss:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What did I do yesterday?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What will I do today?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is anything blocking me?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sprint Review:<\/strong> A demo where the team shows the finished work to stakeholders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sprint Retrospective:<\/strong> The team discusses what went well and what could be improved for the next sprint.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why use Sprints?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Predictability:<\/strong> You know exactly when the next update is coming.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flexibility:<\/strong> If requirements change, you only have to wait until the next sprint (max a few weeks) to pivot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Motivation:<\/strong> Finishing a sprint provides a sense of accomplishment and a &#8220;clean slate&#8221; for the next one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary Table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Sprint Detail<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Duration<\/strong><\/td><td>Fixed (usually 2 weeks).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Goal<\/strong><\/td><td>To deliver a &#8220;Potentially Shippable&#8221; product increment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Commitment<\/strong><\/td><td>Once the sprint starts, no new tasks should be added to it.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"backlog_anchor\">Backlog<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>Backlog<\/strong> is essentially a <strong>prioritized &#8220;To-Do&#8221; list<\/strong> of every feature, bug fix, and technical task required to build and maintain a product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is the breakdown:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Content:<\/strong> It contains <strong>User Stories<\/strong> (features), <strong>Bugs<\/strong> (fixes), and <strong>Technical Debt<\/strong> (backend improvements).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Order:<\/strong> It is never random. The most valuable or urgent items sit at the <strong>top<\/strong>, while vague, future ideas stay at the <strong>bottom<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Evolution:<\/strong> It is a &#8220;living document.&#8221; As the market changes or users give feedback, the backlog is constantly re-ordered (<strong>Groomed<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"margin-left:0\"><strong>The Purpose:<\/strong> It acts as the &#8220;Single Source of Truth.&#8221; If a task isn&#8217;t in the backlog, the team doesn&#8217;t work on it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Two Types of Backlogs:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Product Backlog:<\/strong> The &#8220;Master List&#8221; for the entire project&#8217;s future.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sprint Backlog:<\/strong> A small subset of items pulled from the Product Backlog to be completed in the current <strong>Sprint<\/strong> (the next 1\u20134 weeks).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Typical Example of a backlog item for a WordPress-related Project<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-31bdf9ba wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>User Story: Password Reset Feature<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ID:<\/strong> DEV-102<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Priority:<\/strong> High<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Estimate:<\/strong> 5 Story Points<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. The Story Statement<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-left:0\">&#8220;As a <strong>Registered User<\/strong>, I want to <strong>reset my password via email<\/strong> so that <strong>I can regain access to my account if I forget my credentials.<\/strong>&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Acceptance Criteria (AC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the &#8220;Checklists&#8221; the code must pass. In DevOps, these often become the basis for <strong>automated tests<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[ ] There is a &#8220;Forgot Password&#8221; link on the login page.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Clicking the link triggers an email to the user&#8217;s registered address.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] The email contains a secure, one-time-use link valid for 24 hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] The user can set a new password that meets the minimum 8-character requirement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] The system logs the password change event for security auditing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Technical Notes (The &#8220;Ops&#8221; part)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Service:<\/strong> Requires integration with the SendGrid API (SMTP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Security:<\/strong> Ensure the reset token is hashed in the database.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"defintion_of_done_anchor\">Definition of Done (DoD)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3da61e4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Definition of Done (DoD)<\/strong> is a shared <strong>checklist<\/strong> of technical and quality standards that every task must meet before it can be considered truly &#8220;finished.&#8221; While a User Story tells you <em>what<\/em> to build, the DoD tells you the <em>quality<\/em> it must reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Components of a Typical DoD<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Code Quality:<\/strong> Code is peer-reviewed and merged into the main branch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Testing:<\/strong> All automated unit tests pass (100% success rate).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Documentation:<\/strong> README or API docs are updated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environment:<\/strong> The feature works in the &#8220;Staging&#8221; or &#8220;QA&#8221; environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Security:<\/strong> No high-priority vulnerabilities found in automated scans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why it Matters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>No Assumptions:<\/strong> It prevents a developer from saying &#8220;I&#8217;m done&#8221; when the code is written but not yet tested.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consistency:<\/strong> Every feature meets the same high bar, regardless of who wrote it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transparency:<\/strong> Stakeholders know that &#8220;Done&#8221; means &#8220;Ready for Production,&#8221; not &#8220;Ready for more work.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Simple Rule:<\/strong> If a task doesn&#8217;t meet <strong>all<\/strong> the criteria in the DoD, it stays in the &#8220;In Progress&#8221; column and cannot be counted toward the sprint goal.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-overall'><\/div><div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-visitor'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In simple terms, DevOps is a cultural and technical bridge that closes the gap between the people who write the code (Dev) and the people who keep the servers running (Ops). Instead of a &#8220;hand-off&#8221; where developers throw code over a wall to operators, DevOps creates a continuous loop of collaboration, automation, and feedback. Contents&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-slug"],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20260130-DevOps.svg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4832"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4873,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4832\/revisions\/4873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykim.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}